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ISOMORPHISM OR DIVERSITY?
Weiping Wang
PhD Boston College
Research Associate of Center of Research on Education in China, Hong Kong University
April 15, 2006

  My research on Zhejiang Shu Ren University, one of the most important private higher education institutions in China, has resulted in Levy's theory of isomorphism in private higher education. Based on DiMaggio and Powell's (Levy 1999, p,19) formulation of isomorphism, Levy states (1999, p. 19) that there are three kinds of isomorphism: coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism. Coercive isomorphism is "largely imposed by actors or forces from outside the organization (university, college, etc.)." Mimetic isomorphism would arise where higher education organizations, otherwise unclear what to do, decide to copy organizations they regard as successful; and normative isomorphism would arise where professionals (e.g., professors, administrators) or others feel clear about what to do but in this case because of their prior socialization and dominant norms. We might say that normative isomorphism involves a mimicking of established norms"(p.19). Shu Ren's consolidation is an example of isomorphism. Its consolidation with four public schools has revealed substantial state involvement. It was completed right after the momentous consolidation movement of the public higher education. There is an obvious trace of mimetic isomorphism. Chinese private higher education is copying the public. Shu Ren retains some of its original uniqueness but bears isomorphic effects. "Privatization carries isomorphic as well as diversifying effects; diversifying effects may diminish over time" (Levy, 1999, p. 37).